Embryology and teratology: craniofacial anatomy 
This sector carries out work on normal facial development and abnormalities. In line with the non-partitioned nature of our
various activities, this sector, which makes extensive use of data from microscopic morphology, has benefited from innovations of a
quantitative nature introduced thanks to the experience acquired in the biomechanics and modeling sector. 

Embryology: avian pseudotooths and denticles:
Given that dental regression is at the edge of the transition between dinosaurs and birds, this work involves histological and
histochemical studies of the development of avian pseudotooths and denticles. Our interest in dental structures stems from our
participation in the dental section courses. Several developmental genes are analyzed (SHH, MSX1, BMP4, beta-catenin, PITX2).   These
pseudo-tooths should be considered essentially as tactile organs. Current work focuses on the corneal papillae of the tongue of
certain birds (notably the goose), which appear as true pseudo-tooths.