Malaria is often regarded as a rural disease, but its transmission risk does persist in urban areas, where it is highly focal and
related to the local presence and abundance of vectors. Up to now, the spatial heterogeneity of intra-urban malaria has not been
captured in large-scale risk-mapping initiatives. Considering the rapid pace of urbanization in developing countries, this poses a
challenge to global malaria eradication. The general objective of MOSQUIMAP was to showcase the contribution of Earth Observation
to urban malaria control in a context of epidemiological and entomological data scarcity. The main innovations lie in (i) the use
of very-high resolution imagery for the study of urban malaria in sub-Saharan Africa (ii) the heavy integration of vector ecology
knowledge in the process, and (iii) the replicability of the method. Focusing on Dakar, Senegal, the identification of key
criteria influencing vector habitat suitability, their translation into geospatial layers, as well as the assessment of their relative
importance is a major outcome of the study that can serve as a basis for replication in other sub-Saharan African cities. The
patterns displayed in the hazard and risk maps reflect the high degree of heterogeneity that exists throughout the metropolitan area,
due to the influence of environmental factors and urban deprivation.