Thanks to recent progress in diagnosis and treatment of cancer, relapse-free survival rate has greatly improved over the last
decades. Quality of life of young cancer survivors including access to motherhood, became a major issues. Long-term adverse effects of
adjuvant treatments potentially include infertility and premature ovarian failure in around 40% of premenopausal patients.
Fertility preservation procedures prior to chemotherapy became the main research axis of our laboratory, including clinical trials and
fundamental research projects. Since several years, de Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction developed different options in
order to preserve fertility of young women with premature ovarian failure due to chemotherapy including cryopreservation of ovarian
tissue and transplantation. The Laboratory first set up a ovarian tissue bank in Erasme Hospital in 1999 and became the refence
centers for around 15 oncological units. In order to restore ovarian function and fertility, the tissue can be thawed and
autotransplanted if premature ovarian failure occurs after treatment. Our laboratory early innovated in this field by obtaining one of the
first spontaneous pregnancy and live birth after transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue. However, there are still cases
where the transplant remains impossible for the moment. Indeed, in some pathologies with a higher risk of dissemination within organs
such as leukemias and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, the risk of tumor development after grafting remains significant. In other
pathologies such as neuro- and medulloblastomas, this risk is not well known. The transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue is not
indicated in these cases but unfortunately no alternative is currently available to use this ovarian tissue in order to restore
fertility. The laboratory has developed, in collaboration with the Department of Genetics (CUB-Erasme), highly sensitive techniques
to allow the detection of these residual cells in the ovarian tissue before transplantation and to ensure its safety.